CHAPTER+25+LYNN+ILJEE+MICHELLE+AND+SARAH

Teaching Project Day 4: The New Deal • //Compare and contrast the first and second New Deals and evaluate the success and failure of the relief, recover, and reform measures associated with each//. Essential Question: //How effective was the New Deal policies and assess their arguments// Opening question: What would you do as president of United States, to save the nation from Great Depression?
 * Objectives:**

__Teacher Presentation.__ Hand out blank Venn diagram to students, to jot down notes as the teachers present. Only the area of non-overlaps will be filled in, during first part of the lecture. Macbook will not be in use for anyone! 20 Minutes: The teacher (we) will briefly present and review with the class the what the first and second new deals was Include primary source and video that are impartial, so students will have to think to evaluate. [|VIDEO ON FIRST NEW DEAL AND TENNESSEE VALLE AUTHORITY] Power Point:

__Guided practice__ 10 Minutes: Have students write and share with class individual (students) evaluations on the two deals. Question to be answered: How effective was the New Deal policies? Why do you think it was effective? If not, how was it not effective?

__Teacher Presentation__ 10 Minutes: Back to Presentation- Present the effects and evaluations of the two new deals to class. We will be emphasizing our answers to the bold question and our secondary objective/ key question (Stated as Essential Question above). Primary sources and videos (sources from critics of the era) will be used to guide our evaluations.

__Guided practice__ Have students fill out the overlap of the Venn diagram. 10 Minutes: Have students compare and contrast the two deals and share with class. Question to be answered: Compare and Contrast the New Deal policies.

__Teacher Presentation__ 10 Minutes: Back to Presentation: Present comparison and contrast of the New Deals. We will be emphasizing our answers to the bold question. At the same time, we will sum up the lecture for closure.

__Answering Objective/Key Questions__
 * Lynn: Compare and contrast the first and second New Deals and evaluate the success and failures of the relief, recovery, and reform measures associated with each?**

Although both the First and Second New Deals focused on relief, recovery, and reform measures to salvage the nation from Great Depression, the First New Deal mainly focused on relief and recovery while the Second New Deal emphasized long-term reform. The First New Deal provided relief for the unemployed through programs such as the Civil Works Administration. It also restored faith in American banks by insuring bank deposits up to $5,000 through the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In terms of recovery, however, programs such as the Agricultural Adjustment Administration failed, as it only benefitted large land-holding farmers and only worsened the gap between sharecroppers and large land-holding farmers. The First New Deal also provided limited reform, as there were no real improvements in protecting the civil rights of African Americans. Reforms such as the Tennessee Valley Authority proved to be effective in improving living conditions of the valley, but its advantages came with the backlash of damaging private utility companies.

On the other hand, the Second New Deal aimed to introduce several reform measures rather than relief and recovery measures. While the Second New Deal still pursued relief measures such as the Works Progress Administration (WPA) to ease unemployment rates, much of the Deal sought to produce long-term reliefs, rather than temporary relief and recovery. The Congress first introduced the Social Security Act, which effectively protected the workers' rights by providing unemployment insurance, pension to the retired workers, and a federal-state program to help the elderly and those with disabilities. The Deal also successfully provided electricity to rural areas through the Rural Electrification Administration (REA). However, the Second New Deal is criticized for its deficit spending and increased government control on the economy. Measures such as the Revenue Act of 1935 (Wealth Tax Act) and the Farm Security Administration (FSA) are considered to have imposed excessive governmental control and to have ultimately slowed the recovery from the Great Depression.

Dust bowl was a severe drought that struck the Great Plains in the mid 1930s. The clouds of dust darkened the skies, buried fences and farm machinery, and dusts crept into houses. As a result, many farmers lost their lands. To prevent similar natural disasters from occurring in the future, Department of Agriculture planned extensive programs. The most dramatic was planting of over 200 million trees to create a windbreak stretched through e Great Plains from Texas to Canada.
 * Il-jee: What were the effects of the Dust Bowl?**

Although New Deals programs were provided to aid people of all races, many African Americans were discriminated against, increasing the racial tension in the nation. With the help of Franklin Roosevelt, lynching was prevented, more than 100 African Americans were posted in the federal government. And with help of Eleanor Roosevelt, African Americans were able to attain greater educational and economic opportunities. American Indians under the new law, "Indian Reorganization Act of 1934" were able to revive tribal rules. Funds supported American Indian educations. Immigrants during the lifetime in the new Deal Era experienced more competition for job. Mexican Americans especially faced competition from Filipino laborers, due to increase in California's Filipino population growth in the 1920s. Both Filipino and Mexican Americans faced tough economic times when depression hit, due to loss of agricultural jobs. Filipino Labor Union and Field Workers Union, sponsored by American Federation of Labor united as an organization for the Mexican American and Filipino laborers.
 * Il-jee: Analyze the involvement of minorities and women in the New Deal and its impact upon them.**

The New Deal provided several environmental measures to recover areas such as the Dust Bowl and the Tennessee Valley. The Department of Agriculture planted trees and launched soil-erosion control programs to ease the damage that the drought brought to the Great Plains. The New Deal also successfully revitalized the Tennessee Valley by building dams, power stations, and providing electricity, flood control, and recreational facilities.
 * Sarah: Explain renewed efforts to protect the environment during the Great Depression and evaluate their success in place such as the Dust Bowl and the Tennessee Valley. Identify the leading opponents of New Deal Policies and assess their arguments.**

The New Deal was divided into three categories: Relief, Recovery, and Reform. All three categories contained effective acts and organizations that would potentially help the economy to escape from the Great Depression. New Deal supporters argued that the federal government did a good job on relief payments and jobs, pension programs, and unemployment insurance for the Americans to survive from the Great Depression. However, most historians say that the New Deal was not effective in ending the Great Depression in the long-run. It attempted to solve the issue, however, it was not completely effective. Many acts and organizations did help to relieve the suffering of many Americans by providing working opportunities and jobs in the short-run. Nonetheless, the New Deal failed in recovering the economy fully. The poorest farmers still remained poor, while the wealthy people were not supporting the economy much. Though acts and taxes were levied on the wealthies, many agencies or administrations still favored the wealthies such as the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA). Therefore, the New Deal was not effective much in ending the Great Depression but rather a temporary relief for panicing Americans.
 * Sarah: How effective was the New Deal in ending the Great Depression?**

The agencies used photography to change the minds of the opponents of federal relief programs by showing the frightful living conditions of city-dwellers and migrant farmworkers. The Farm Security Administration (FSA) used photography more effectively than any other agency—they depicted life among sharecroppers in rural Alabama. Dorothea Lange was probably the best known FSA photographer who took pictures of the homeless men wandering the streets of San Francisco. Her photos revealed the migrants’ poverty and suffering as well as their dignity. Migrant Mother was a masterpiece by Lange.
 * Michelle: How did New Deal agencies use photography to promote their goals?**

In novels, the depression-era experiences of ethnic minorities were common themes to be seen. There were ‘escapist’ films that lifted people’s spirits and helped viewers forget their troubles—a popular theme of the New Deal Era. Also, filmmakers began to tackle social issues: celebrating simple values and criticizing the wealthy and politicians. On the theatrical stage, plays that dealt with the nation’s labor and class struggles drew large audiences: “petrified forest”, ideas destroying the country, upper-class greed, and traditional American values.
 * Michelle: What common themes emerged in novels, films, and plays of the New Deal Era?**

Project Roles: Lynn, Il-jee, Sarah, Michelle: Chapter 25 o All: compare and contrast Deal 1 and 2. Make PowerPoint together.

Lynn and Il-jee: Chapter 25 Section 1&3 o Both: answer objective/key questions relating to section 1 and 3, post it on wiki o Both: make slide shows relating to New Deal (First New Deal). Brief and review of the deal, and effects of the deal. o Lynn: look for primary sources, and analyze for lecture PowerPoint o Il-jee: look for videos, and analyze for lecture PowerPoint.

Sarah and Michelle: Chapter 25 Section 2&4 o Both: answer objective/key questions relating to sections 2 and 4, then post on the wiki o Both: create presentation slide regarding the Second New Deal—goals of the deal, results of the deal, o Sarah: find primary sources and prepare lecture for the presentation made. o Michelle: find videos, pictures—evidence of deal and prepare lecture for the presentation made.