ERICA

**GOVERNMENT?**
=__**Pretend you are starting your own country. What kind of government would you have? What’s important in government?**__ =  If I were starting my own country, I would make the government democratic, with capitalism. I believe that the voices of the citizens are crucial when it comes to running a country. With people’s opinions and votes, a leader can get a guideline for what the people of the country want. I personally believe that government exists for the citizens, which is not the case today, many politicians are very corrupt and the only thing they really care about is their benefits. Therefore, I believe that the first thing a government or a country must have is people’s voice to satisfy their wants. Government’s role is to guide and modify laws to protect it’s people and it’s country. I also think that capitalism is very important. Under socialism when all money is distributed under the leader, sometimes the government might get corrupt, and it is most likely for the people to lose motivation and incentives to develop a country. Overall, people’s voice and opinion is vital in developing a country.

 =__Posing question: What rights do you believe should be guaranteed by the government?__ =  Protecting their citizens, should be guaranteed in aspects of commerce, trade, economics and so on. It should protect citizens' health for example, if you see the beef trade between USA and Korea, government should be protecting the rights of the citizens. Also, economically, government should be able to support the poor classes with money when they are in need of help. Another right that should be guaranteed is freedom of speech and joining or participating the government. Every citizens' opinion should be expressed in some way. Right to be educated For instance, Korean students go to school where there is government support and less financial pressure. Property rights, by protecting people from their property being taken away (stealing, or by force). Rights of women: RIGHT TO VOTE.

=__**Which Invention is the most important during THE AGE OF INVENTION?**__ =  Personally, I believe that the steel industry including Bessemer process, the method producing more steel in one day than the older techniques is the most important invention during the age of invention. Steel industry is important because faster process of steel made them able to start up railroad industry. Before, it was made with iron, but steel replaced iron and they were now able to make railroad with more stronger material. Not only the railroad system, it allowed them to create a skeletal frame in buildings to design larger, multistory buildings. In addition, steel resisted rust, which made it more pleasing to the eye. Overall, the invention of steel made US better off with railroad, which relates to traveling, and trading (commerce system. It also created longer railroads than before because they had faster process of producing steel.), and their architectural techniques with out rust (more aesthetic).

=__**ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: IMMIGRANTS**__ =  
 * Opportunities for the immigrants:**
 * They found lives, which was better then their homeland.
 * They obviously were able to get many jobs. However there were consequences for working in a foreign country, which I will mention later at hardships for the immigrants.
 * They were able to buy land and send money to their family.
 * Able to obtain education, health care, jobs and so on
 * Escape poverty and persecution.
 * Hardships for the immigrants:**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Most immigrants settled in crowded cities where they could find only LOW PAYING, UNSKILLED jobs.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">They were eventually forced into poor housing located in crowded neighborhoods and slums,
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">They did most of the dirty works for the country. Their working hours were ridiculously LONG.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Immigrants were discriminated. For instance, Chinese exclusion act which denied citizenship to people born in China and prohibited the immigration. Another example Is Immigration Restriction League which imposed a literacy test on all immigrants.

=__**<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">OCTOBER 18 2008: HOMEWORK **__= =<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> = <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Describe and evaluate the rise of Big Business in the mid to late 1800’s. How was business able to advance? What were the positive and negative results of the new business model? Business changed a lot in the second half of the 19th century. People were able to produce a lot more things, so people had more stuff. New inventions helped people produce more things and make more money. Also corporations came about. The corporations dominated industry through trusts. The bigger ones like Carnegie Oil were able to eliminate the competition. Carnegie did some good things for the country. He believed in something called the Gospel of Wealth. This meant that rich people should help poor people. There were problems though with the new kind of business. There was little competition. Rich people like Pullman owned everything. This was hard for the worker because they didn’t get paid a lot.

- I would give 5 for this essay. -The student answered the entire question. However these were basic answers. This student needs to explain things in detail. His/her explanation is too vague and hard to understand. Person who reads the essay without background information should be able to understand the essay. -The student answered all the entire question. However the answers were not detailed. There were some ambiguous pronouns. For example, People were able to produce a lot more things, so people had more stuff. He/she should explain who the “people” are and what things and stuff is. He/she made similar errors throughout the essay. Moreover, When he/she mentioned that "Carnegie did some good things for the country" He/she could have listed somethings he did for the country. i.e. building public library. -No not at all. For example, There were problems though with the new kind of business. There was little competition. Rich people like Pullman owned everything. This was hard for the worker because they didn’t get paid a lot. It will be better if he told us about the Pullman strike that the workers went on. Also about the Gospel of Wealth, it would be easier for the readers to understand if he/she would’ve told us what KIND of help Carnegie gave the poor. i.e. building libraries.
 * 1) Evaluate this essay. On a scale of one to ten how would your rate the quality of this essay?**
 * 2) Think about the information given**
 * a. Did the student answer the entire question?**
 * b. How thorough was the description?**
 * c. Did the student make a case and defend his/her argument with examples**

a. Did the student provide detailed examples that demonstrate knowledge of the issue?** -No. The answers were very basic and simple. He/she used too many ambiguous pronouns like things, stuff, people, they and so on. Also he/she just stated the fact and did not explain it and describe it using the examples. -It was accurate. However it was too vague. It should be more specific and detailed. -Again, the frequent use of they, people, things, stuff made the readers confusion and hard to understand what the writing was about. Also short explanation without examples made the readers hard to know what really was going on during this time period and what were the overall effects in that event.
 * 3) Quality of examples
 * 4) Was the information given in the essay accurate?**
 * a. If so was it too vague?**

-Essay has answered all the part of the question. However, I don’t think this student will get a full point grade because he was too vague and unclear in describing certain group of people, or an event. Also, he didn’t give us any examples and circumstances for such event.
 * 5) How well is the essay written over all? Does it address all parts of the question? Is it repetitive?**

=<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**__Political Cartoon analysis1__** = =<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> = <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> **1) What do you see in the cartoon, including objects and people, as well as caption and words in the cartoon?** I see four vultures with human heads, (I think they are supposed to be the corrupted political machines/bosses), skeletons, and a lightning striking behind four vultures. The caption and words in the cartoon is "A group of vultures waiting for the storm to be over." The four vultures, representing Marcy Tweed and other Tammany hall members, are represented as an evil and fat (jewelry around his neck which represents his wealth), because they gained power by bribes and kickbacks. This cartoon is trying to criticize the corruption of Tammany hall for bribing. Jewelry on Tweed's neck and his big belly represents the wealth of Marcy Tweed and the Tammany hall. Treasury written on the bone, which means that the Tammany hall has used up all their money. They are standing on corpse of New York which means that the Tammany hall is slowly eating up all New York's resources and money. Thomas Nast thinks that the Marcy Tweed is selfish and corrupted since they've used bribery and kickbacks. GREEDY (see the symbols). He believes that the whole Tammany hall is corrupted and they are eating up other state's resources. Thomas Nast wanted to inform the people about the Tweed ring. Since it was drawn in picture, many illiterate people were able to read. Agree: Poor/Lower classes Disagree: Tammany hall especially Marcy Tweed. The overall message of the cartoon is that the Tammany hall is the vultures and they are waiting for prey (States, resources etc.).
 * 2) What or who is the subject of the cartoon and how is the subject represented?**
 * 3) Which of the things in the cartoons are symbols? What do you think the symbols mean?**
 * 4) What is the opinion of the cartoonist toward the subject and how is it expressed?**
 * 5) Who might agree/disagree with the cartoonist’s opinion?**
 * 6) What is the over all message of the cartoon?**

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> =<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Defending position = =<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> = <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> I thought this was the most compelling reason for the U.S to participate in WW1. Despite the United States’ policy of neutrality, the Germans attacked American submarine (Lusitania), which was on the way to Great Britain. This assault on Lusitania can only be seen as a declaration of war to the United States. Even though German established a “war zone” around Great Britain, However U.S. disagreed with the whole concept of war zone, referring it as “unlawful.” More over, German war zone wasn’t recognized by the international law. This was not just about the sinking of Lusitania, but lives of people that were taken away. On May 7, 1915, 128 Americans died of German assault on Lusitania. Moreover, another powder keg of United States’ participation in WW1 was on the Zimmermann Note that was sent between Germany and Mexico. This infuriated America because German’s foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann sent this note to Mexico proposing alliance with Germany. More over, Germany told Mexico that this alliance would give them back their lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. This will definitely threaten United States. German's assault on United States' submarine Lusitania, which was neutral to WW1, will definitely anger Americans because they have violated the vindication of right, of human right. United States can't just sit and watch Germany attack them every time and see people die off. Therefore, German attack on submarine is the most compelling reason to participate in a war. Moreover, Germany's Zimmerman note which gave an opportunity to get Mexico their land back is another compelling reason because it is unfair for Germany to set US as a target or a some sort of decoy to get an alliance with Mexico.
 * 1.Because the U.S. was under attack despite its neutrality?**

United States' participation in WW1 because of economy and business is very convincing since United States were already treated unfairly (Lusitania, Zimmermann and so on) by the Germans in despite the fact that they were neutral already gave the US a legitimate reason to participate in WW1. In this case, war will serve as a double purpose. They not only will protect themselves, but have an economic gain. Like John Kenneth Turner stated in Shall it Be Again? In 1922, “American participation in the war against Germany would constitute the most tremendous and profitable coup in the history of American finance… The war created 21,000 new American millionaires…” WW1 will not only protect USA, and fight for vindication of right, of human rights (With expansion of the US’s armed forces and weaponry (#7) will give advantage to US during the war.), but will also give an advantage to American business and economy. Even though war might create loss of people, but I believe that to gain something, you need to give up one. Therefore, since we already have great amount of armed forces sand weaponry, I think it would be more beneficial to participate in war to gain advantages in business and economy than just staying neutral and se no progress and Germany sinking American submarines.
 * 4.Because it was good for business?**

=**February 26, 2009 HW**= ===Explain what containment theory and the Truman Doctrine are. Briefly summarize the Korean War. In detail explain how it is an example of containment. Choose one other event from the text book, briefly summarize it and explain how it is an example of containment.===

Containment was a strategy to limit and prevent Soviet expansionism. It was a theory that said that communism would go into countries that were weak and unstable. The United States believed in the domino theory, a theory, which stated when one country becomes communist than other countries around will follow. In response, the US had to bolster the strength of other nations around the world in order to defend democracy and the open market. Moreover, policies and treaties should be signed to contain such movement among nations especially the Soviet Union. Truman Doctrine is President Harry S Truman’s policy stating that the US would help any country fighting against communism. Truman quoted, “It must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” This relates to the containment theory because by helping the countries that are resisting to the communism will give the US benefit of decreasing the fear of USSR expansionism. After the World War 2, in 1945, Allies divided Korea into two zones. USSR had the Northern zone of the Korea, and the US troops held the Southern zone. The division was supposed to be temporary, and these occupations were supposed to be “cold”. The United States supported South Korea economically, and militarily because the US didn’t want South Korea to become communists. However, North Korea attacked South on June 25, 1950. President Truman ordered U.S. forges into action under the command of General Douglas MacArthur. Late in November, China, another communist country, entered the war fighting FOR the North Korean side. The number of army outnumbered South Korea. The UN forces supporting the US fell back. Finally, in 1953, MacArthur established a line called 38parallel that separates north and south of the Korea. The Korean war is an example of containment because containment is a strategy to LIMIT and PREVENT Soviet expansionism. The United States wasn’t completely successful in preventing the Soviet force, but they were able to limit the powers, or expansion of Soviet Union by having a proxy war at Korea. The concept of defensive line at the 38 parallel determines a distinct separation of USSR (communism) and the US (democracy). Another example of containment is the covert actions of the US CIA in Guatemala during the 1950s. The United States ordered a covert action in Guatemala because the US suspected the president of Guatemala, Arbenz Guzman of being sympathetic to communism. President Eisenhower called on the CIA to gather a small army to oust him. And in June 1954, reversed Arbenz’s attitude towards Communism. This is an example of containment because if the lenient attitude of Arbenz toward the communists continued, communists might have been more powerful so that they are able to over throw Guatemala’s democracy, which will also threaten the US because more communism country have increased.

=__**March 5, 2009 HW**__= ===__**1)Compare CIA intervention in Guatemala and Iran to Eisenhower's handling of the Suez Crisis? Did the US act justly and according to its values? What were the motivations in each case? Which one do you think was handled better and why?**__===

CIA intervention in Guatemala was a covert action. Democratically elected Guatemalan president, Jacob Arbenz Guzman, took possession of uncultivated sections of Guatemala's land in order to distribute it to those who doesn't have one. This was a very communist action because in communism, government collect the land and redistribute it equally to the people. On the other hand, US believes in Capitalism, where the amount you earn is how hard you work. The United States interpreted these actions of Arbenz as a sympathy to communism. Therefore, President Eisenhower called on the CIA to gather a small army to oust him. The US set up a new pro-US government and got rid of Arbenz reform movement.<span style="color: rgb(245, 36, 36);"> It was against US values because they took away the freedom of the people to choose their government.

On Suez Crisis in Iran, Eisenhower used diplomatic resolution than covert actions of CIA. In 1956, Egyptian leader Nasser nationalized the Suze canal, despite the fact the the US government withdrew an offer to finance a large dam in Egypt. This was a great threat to Western oil trade. It limited the sea routes of the US. In 1956, Israel attacked Egypt. Britain and France seized the water way of Mediterranean. USSR threatened war if the three nations did not withdraw from Egypt at once. Eisenhower solved this problem with a UN solution which withdrew military force in Suez Canal. The invasion ended, and USSR support of Egypt during the SUez crisis led to a better relationship between the USSR and Arab nation.

I think, on the Guatemalan crisis, US acted according to its values because they got rid of any suspicious person supporting for communism even though Arbenz didn't mean to. However, in Suez Crisis, Eisenhower stepped back and tried to compromise even though they were losing some of the benefits. The motivation for Guatemalan crisis was the fear of communism, and Suez Crisis was more of an economic reason because nationalization of Suez Canal will definitely limit US access to resources. I believe that Suez Crisis was handled better because CIA covert act could possibly create riots of Guatemala who were in favor of Arbenz. However, in Suez Crisis, The US tried to peacefully resolve the crisis.

__**2) What was the significance of the Gary Powers incident on page 850?**__
The significance of the Gary Powers incident on page 850 is that Gary Powers, was a pilot on U-2 a high altitude spy plane had been shot down over the USSR. The US reported that it was a weather-resarch plane, but Gary Powers told that he was on a spying mission which made Khrushchev and the USSR angry. Therefore, Khrushcev refused the summit between the US and the USSR. The Gary Powers incident caused the brief detente(peace) in the Cold War to come to an end.

Is it ever justifiable to treat people differently based on race, religion, gender, handicaps etc?
RACE, GENDER AND HANDICAPS are not the things that humans have control over. I agree that there are perceptions and prejudice towards someone different from you especially when you are a conservative. However, I don't think having different race, religion, and gender gives a legitimate reason to treat people differently. RACE-> It is just the difference in culture and skin color. This can't be the element of discrimination. GENDER-> There are many perceptions since the beginning of the cilization that women are inferior to men because after the neolithic revolution, (when humanity adopted agriculture and stopped nomadic life style such as hunting and gathering) women's role changed and they were expected to be subordinate to men. Before the Neolithic revolution, women also contributed the same amount in living. Why should women be discriminated? HANDICAPS-> Handicaps, they might have difficulties moving, or thinking and they should be treated with love. However, it still doesn't give right to us to treat them differently. You never know the future, who knows, you might be handicapped tomorrow because of a.. perhaps a car accident. How would you feel when people discriminate you.

RELIGION-> There are prejudice towards religion especially religions such as Islam because they are having war over centuries. However, the teachings of religion is to guide people and I believe it doesn't teach anything that goes against the morality (Except during the period when the religion was spreading)

__Journal: Read quote on page 929. What does this tell you about the risks and resistance Black activists faced in working to get the vote. Is it worth it? What would you do in this situation?__
The cost of the civil rights movements was so severe that even the family of the civil rights movement activists were afraid to get along because the white people might come and punish them for contributing on civil rights movements.They were also not able to get job in the country if they were in the civil rights movement force. Moreover, the fact that they were civil rights movement activist gave effect to their later generations or their family.

I think it is worth it because Whites will treat me the same way if I don't take any move. Since many African Americans are on the street protesting, I would be supporting them too. I believe dying would be better than to have no voice in this world and being considered inferior. If nothing changes, I wouldn't be able to live freely even if I am a American citizen. I wouldn't be educated, I wouldn't be able to get job.. and so on. Therefore, I think I would do anything and everything to end segregation and discrimination.

=April 10, 2009= __**What do you think this song is about?**__ This song is about the Vietnam War. This is a perspective of a typical American (soldiers).Wife and kids household pet is an indication of ideal life of an American.The bullets scream to me from somewhere This explains the situations of an American soldier because vietcongs are hiding. __**Who is the Rooster?**__ Rooster is the soldiers of the states __**Who’s they?**__ They are the Vietcongs. __**What is the artist discussing in VERSE 2?**__ It discusses the battlefield. I think they spit on me in my homeland refers to people who spat on soldiers because of anti-war (Blamed soldiers for American death and Vietnamese death). Moreover, it describes how tough and cruel it was to be in a battlefield.My buddy’s breathin’ his dyin’ breath This shows that battle field was dangerous. Also, "Gloria sent me pictures of my boy" this line shows that this lyric is written in a perspective of an American soldier because obviously Gloria is a english name. mosquito death--> malaria. "NO SIGNS OF VICTORY"

=WHY I WENT TO THE WAR?= =Terry Farish=

Terry Farish went to the war because of family reasons. He father served at the World War II, and her mother believed that women should have a voice in the society. Both her parents were proud to send their daughter, Terry Farish to Vietnam. She described how harsh the conditions were. They always had to becareful of the Vietnamese assert. Women in Vietnam didn't have a day off. Whenever they had injured soldiers, they had to get on duty. Moreover, some soldiers hated the women for being in Vietnam. However, most of the soldiers were more than happy to tell the women to tell their stories.

=April 14, 2009= =JOURNAL:= __**W<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> ho wrote the doc**__ I think the document was written by the democratic Vietnamese (South) __**•summarize main points**__ The main points of the program of the people's revolutionary party of Vietnam is to overthrow communist dictator, the Ngo Dinh Diem government to form a national democratic government. They don't want the US to be in Vietnam because their ideologies will influence them. (Cultural enslavement) They also don't want violent wars. __**• what important information does the doc give you**__ The important information that this document gives me is that they want freedom (democracy and equal rights) by overthrowing the dictators. Moreover, want to drive the US out of Vietnam. __**- What is the attitude towards the US in this document?**__ The attitude towards the US in this document is negative because the document mentions that US enslaves Vietnam culturally, and deprive Vietnamese culture. They only create violent wars. __**- What seems to be the focus of the doc, independence or spreading communism?**__ I think the focus of this document is independence because they are trying to establish equality between men and women and among different nationalities and recognize the autonomous rights of the national minorities in the country. However, there are some communism element in this goal because the basic idea of communism is a classless society. However, judging by the fact that they want more diplomatic relations tells me that this document is more focused on independence than spreading communism. #4, land reforms were done by many communist countries like CHINA and SOVIET UNION by Joseph Stalin and MaoZedong. __**- do you see anything "wrong " in this document? Meaning do the goals seem just?**__ I think the goals are just because it is an internal struggle, and it is not an issue where the US can just interrupt the internal conflict of Vietnam and put pressure to make the decision for the Vietnamese. __**- who or what country do you think has the right to resist these goals, if anyone?**__ Vietnamese. Because it is obviously an internal conflict in Vietnam, and there is no reason for other countries to be in the middle of this controversy, and use force to make the Vietnamese choose what the US want Vietnam to choose. Moreover, if there is an outside interference, Vietnam can probably be attacked, just like the US did to Vietnam.

=April 15, 2009= =LIFE Covers The Vietnam War=

The Life covers of the Vietnam war shows the death, and injured soldiers. Because the US was expecting a quick victory, however, people would've probably learned that they were NOT having victories. There are dead bodies and a horrified soldier in one cover of LIFE. This shows the bloody war, not the glorious victory that everyone was expecting. The cost of the war seems more that what the US originally expected. I would probably go against the war since it is a foreign conflict that US has nothing to do with it, and also its not like US is winning the war. I don't think it is necessary to react so seriously towards foreign affairs.

This picture of a girl burned by a napalm shows the consequences of the Vietnam war. This shows that US morality has gone down because civilians were not supposed to be included in war. Again, I would go against this war since it is killing innocent lives.

May 12, 2009

How can you keep authority figures honest? What do you do if an authority figure in your life is abusing their power?
We can keep the authority figures honest by making the records of the domestic issue public to the citizens so that the citizens know what is going on in their country, which leaves no room for deception. However, it is really up to the authority figures because being honest or dishonest is their choice, and if they are NOT honest, one day they would pay for their dishonesty. Divide the power. "Checks and balances" If an authority figure in my life is abusing their power, there will probably be a strike/protest. Because for example, when the workers are not getting the wage that they are supposed to get, they create a union, and strike. The voices of a crowd is louder than a person's voice, so I think the authority would not be able to ignore the citizen's opinion.

order in the news paper is the violation of first amendment which supports the freedom of speech. Therefore, the act of government not allowing news paper to write whatever it want to write is a clear violation of freedom of speech.

**Journal Topic** both classes How important is a free press in a democracy? What do you think the relationship is between the press and authority figures? Think about Watergate and the Washington Post, also the reading we did in class. Should there be any restrictions on what newspapers can print? Should newspapers be able to report without revealing their sources? Why or why not? Is this important?

FEMINISM
Emancipation of women from the stereotypes that kept women from achieving economical, cultural, political, and social rights.

__What conclusions can you draw about Republicans and Democrats?__ -> Republicans wanted less government intervention, because they believed that less regulation of free market will lead to prosperity. Government IS the problem of the society. They supported small federal government.

__Give a one paragraph summary for each.__ -> Republicans have similar ideologies as President Ronald Reagan. Ronald Reagan made a quote saying that government is not the solution. Republicans believed in LESS government regulations in free market system (economy), because they believed that less intervention would bring prosperity to the economy. Moreover, they thought that government regulation will limit economic growth because it would strangle the government, and their opportunity to grow. They go against activist judges. They wanted each state to make their own decision, not the federal government. (They tend to favor power of the state over federal government) However, the problem to this is dis-unification of the country. They also wanted less taxes, so that people will consume more actively. Federal government should not spend too much money on social welfare. Republicans thought that it was the state's job. <Fiscal conservative people> However, if it comes to military problem, they wanted support for defense from the government.

-> The Democrats who are known to speak up for the working people in our society. However, this is not necessarily true to their belief. Unlike the Republicans, democratic party want a stronger federal government, and less power for the State government. I think their main goal is centralized government. Democrats are known to support liberal side of the society. They wanted to put higher tax on upper classes. The don't believe that less taxes will increase prosperity (more consumption), because tax revenues will aid the country.

__Describe one thing about these interviews that surprised you.__ -> I think the part where democrats wanted less military spending surprised me even though they had more positive prospective on taxes compared to the Republicans. Since democrats is liberal, I expected them to have more intervention with the citizens, but surprisingly, Republicans were more willing to interact with the citizens and experiment government policies

__How does each interviewee fit and Not fit into the typical party member?__ ->