OBJECTIVE+ANSWERS

       - series of 15 relief and recovery measures - promoted social relief and economic recovery || - the Democrats - increasingly emphasized long-term reform || - nearly 8 million American families were receiving public assistance - Congress established the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in 1933 to provide relief for many unemployed young men between the ages of 18 and 25 - stimulated industrial and business activity and reduced unemployment || - most Americans disliked direct relief; wanted jobs - Civil Works Administration (CWA) was created to address the problem - workers complained that the codes kept their wages down - consumers complained that the codes pushed prices up - the gap between the rich and the poor widened || - Congress budgeted some $5 billion for the WPA’s job-creation programs - provided young people with part-time jobs that allowed them to stay in school - provided social security || - protests against Roosevelt were triggered - considered Roosevelt’s scheme a move toward dictatorship - Congress rejected Roosevelt’s request ||
 * __Compare and contrast the first and second New Deals and evaluate the success and failures of the relief, recovery, and reform measures associated with each.__**
 * __ **The First New Deal** __ || __ **The Second New Deal** __ ||
 * - President Roosevelt
 * __ **The First New Deal** __ ||
 * __ **Success** __ || __ **Failure** __ ||
 * - the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) distributed $500 million in relief aid to state and local agencies
 * __ **The Second New Deal** __ ||
 * __ **Success** __ || __ **Failure** __ ||
 * - helped Americans find work

**__What were the effects of the Dust Bowl?__**

The Dust Bowl is also called as the dirty thirties, which is a period of severe dust storms. It caused major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands from 1930 to 1936. Due to the severe dust, it also brought drought, so no farming could happen. Due to the drought, the grasses got destroyed and the soil was dried. The Dust Bowl affected 100,000,000 acres of Texas and Oklahoma, and adjacent parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Kansas. Thus, the Dust Bowl was an ecological and human disaster. Because of the dust bowl, hundreds of thousands of people were forced to leave their homes.

**__Analyze the involvement of minorities and women in the New Deal and its impact upon them.__** Daughter of the American Revolution refused Marian Anderson to perform in Washington, D.C., hall. Roosevelt given up her membership in DAR. She strongly argued back on Roosevelt by saying "to remain as member implied approval of that action!" After her declaration, Roosevelt and Ickes had decided her to give free concert at Lincoln Memorial. She attracted 75,000 people in the concert, and fortunately her concert was successful. The New Deal impacted greatly on woman's role. New Deal restricted the rights of women. I gave Marian Anderson as an example. She could be able to speak out her opinion, and directly strated what was wrong, and what should be fixed to Roosevelt. As a result she could have a successful free concert during the memorial day of Abraham Lincoln.

__** Explain renewed efforts to protect the environment during the Great Depression and evaluate their success in places such as the Dust Bowl and the Tennessee Valley. **__ Dust Bowl Both conservatives and liberals criticized the New Deal. They complained that the New Deal measures were destroying both the Constitution and free enterprise.
 * 1) people preferred jobs than direct charity
 * 2) created a welfare state
 * 3) health care & unemployment benefits
 * 4) promoted deficit spending
 * 5) spent more money than earned in revenue
 * 6) Threatened the free enterprise system
 * 7) ∴ effects were limited
 * __Identify the leading opponents of New Deal policies and assess their arguments.__**
 * 1) Dr. Francis E. Townsend of California
 * 2) wanted the government to grant a pension of $200 a month to every American over 60 years old
 * 3) Father Charles E. Coughlin, a radio priest from Michigan
 * 4) urged the government to nationalize all banks and return to the silver standard
 * 5) Huey Long, a colorful but corrupt U.S. senator from Louisiana
 * 6) wanted to take from the rich and give to the poor
 * 7) 1934 - proposed a new kind of relief program, Share-Our-Wealth
 * 8) empower the government to seize wealth from the rich through taxes and them provide a guaranteed minimum income and a home to every American family.
 * 9) received a great deal of popular support

The effectiveness of the New Deal policies are still being debated up to today. Many of the pro- New Deal experts believed that the New Deal was able to withhold further depression by controlling production, creating public jobs, giving out food and basic needs. However many anti-New Deal theologists believe that the New Deal was basically a painkiller, like a painkiller the New Deal was not able to solve the fundamental problems which is quite persuasive based on the fact that the US was not able to escape from the Great Depression until World War 2 started.
 * __How effective was the New Deal in ending the Great Depression?__**

The agencies hoped that people who are against relief programs to change their views. In order to do that, agency started to take photos carrying views of human suffrage, and photographs were also published in government pamphlet and magazines.
 * __How did New Deal agencies use photography to promote their goals?__**

Novels often had themes of depression years, depresiion-era experiences of ethnic minorities, and economic chaos. Films dealt with excapist films, and social issues. Plays had nation's labor and class struggle as a theme and later focused on traditional American values.
 * __What common themes emerged in the novels, films, and plays of the New Deal Era?__**
 * 1) John Steinbeck: Produce gripping pictures of the depression year
 * 2) experiences of the ethnic minorities:
 * 3) Zora Neale Hurston
 * 4) Richard Wright
 * 5) Margaret Mitchell: Gone With the Wind
 * 6) Economic chaos
 * 7) escapists (to help viewers forget their troubles)
 * 8) Filmmakers began to tackle social issues
 * 9) Frank Capra films- criticize wealthy and politicians
 * 10) Mr. Deeds goes to town
 * 11) dealt with nation’s labor and class struggles
 * 12) The Petrified Forest
 * 13) The Little Foxes
 * 14) By end of the decade, focused increasingly on traditional American values
 * 15) Wilder’s Our Town
 * 16) The Time of Your Life